In the journal scientific, institutional and other problems related to science are reflected in the form that is accessible and interesting for researchers of various fields of scientific knowledge, lecturers, teachers, engineers, politicians, students etc. The editorial board of the journal comprises the representatives of universities, academic and sectoral science and knowledge-intensive business. Multilateral nature of the thematic profile and the structure of the editorial board stimulate focus on highlighting a wide range of issues significantly related to the present state and the development of science in the Perm region.
Building a Life in Science According to the Rules of Academician Irina Ivshina
В журнале «Университет» № 15 за 2021 г. были опубликованы Правила жизни нашего Учителя – Ирины Борисовны Ившиной, академика РАН, доктора биологических наук, заведующего лабораторией алканотрофных микроорганизмов Института экологии и генетики микроорганизмов УрО РАН, профессора кафедры микробиологии и иммунологии. Сегодня, в дни ее 75-летнего Юбилея мы, благодарные ученики и коллеги, пытаемся осмыслить эти правила как руководство к действию, как маяки, помогающие находить верный путь в науке и жизни, преодолевать трудности, добиться успеха.
Copyright (c) 2026 Perm Federal Research Centre Journal
From shock waves up to mechanobiology of living systems! On the 75th anniversary of Oleg Borisovich Naimark
Олег Борисович Наймарк – ученый мирового уровня, чье имя известно далеко за пределами Российской Федерации. Доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, автор более пятисот научных статей, десятка патентов на методы и устройства различного назначения. Масштаб его деятельности – от развития пермской научной школы механики деформируемого твердого тела до плодотворного сотрудничества с аэрокосмическими и оборонными предприятиями, а также ведущими мировыми научными группами – сложно переоценить. Очерк посвящен основным этапам профессионального становления ученого, личным воспоминаниям и событиям, которые сформировали уникальный научный путь Олега Борисовича.
Anyushkar settlement: tasks and prospects of new research
Anyushkar settlement is one of the most famous and best–excavated archaeological sites in the Perm Region and the only one whose name is known thanks to the traditions of the Permian Komi. It rises on the shore of the Kama reservoir near the village of Kylasovo, and is a very picturesque and iconic place. It is an ancient settlement that occupied an advantageous strategic position near the confluence of the river. During its heyday, the village of Inva in Kama was a Bulgarian trade and craft trading post. The presence of a Muslim burial ground testifies to the residence of the Bulgars here. A variety of craft workshops, dwellings, and defensive structures have been studied at the settlement. During the excavations, rich and expressive materials were collected, testifying to the peculiarities of the way of life, economic and industrial activities of the inhabitants of the settlement, and their cultural and economic ties. However, the results of its research have received little publication coverage, and the materials obtained have remained unpublished. Since 2024, the settlement has been the object of research by the Institute of Humanitarian Studies, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Firstly, the monument requires urgent rescue operations, as it is rapidly being destroyed by the reservoir. Secondly, it requires clarifying some of the conclusions made by previous researchers, taking into account new knowledge and techniques, using an interdisciplinary approach. The continuation of the research is also due to the fact that the technology of medieval crafts remains a priority area in the research of archaeologists of the Institute of Humanitarian Studies, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Anyushkar can provide a lot of additional data for the development of this topic. The ultimate goal is to collect disparate data on previous studies, supplement them with new information to prepare a large-scale publication, which this landmark archaeological site for the Perm Region deserves.
Passive vibration damping of a plate made of functionally graded material
The use of functionally graded materials in smart systems based on piezoelectric elements provides a number of additional advantages over homogeneous metals and alloys. Smooth variation of the mechanical properties of a structure along one or more directions makes it possible to optimize its dynamic parameters at the design stage, within the given constraints on the dimensions and mass of the structure. In this paper, the finite element method was used to study the free and forced steady-state harmonic vibration of a rectangular functionally graded plate with a piezoelectric element connected to an external electrical RL circuit. The examples analyze the influence of the volume fraction index of the functionally graded material on the electromechanical coupling coefficient, natural frequencies and vibration amplitude. The possibility of varying them within limits sufficient for safe operation of the structure in the vicinity of the initial resonance is demonstrated.
Deformation monitoring of buildings on permafrost soils
Monitoring the deformation state of buiding structures in Arctic conditions is of strategic importance. Widespread use of inexpensive measuring systems and their adaptation to harsh temperature conditions will make it possible to monitor the foundations of buildings during the melting of cryolithozone soils. The paper describes the stages of adaptating a hydrostatic levelingbased measuring method for the use in northern regions. The description of the monitoring system elements mounted on a building in Yakutsk is provided. Initial measurement results are presented.
Modeling aerodynamic characteristics of a wing airfoil using artificial neural networks
The paper considers the application of artificial neural networks to solve the direct and inverse aerodynamic modeling problems using the example of a two-dimensional NACA2415 wing profile. Based on the numerical solution of the steady-state Navier–Stokes equations, a training dataset is formed, which includes aerodynamic lift and drag coefficients for various values of the geometric parameters and angle of attack. A neural network with two hidden layers of 10 neurons and a sigmoid activation function is built and trained on datasets with regular and random distribution of parameters. The feasibility of solving the inverse problem of recovering the geometric parameters of an airfoil and angle of attack from given aerodynamic coefficients with an error of no more than 5% is demonstrated. The results confirm the effectiveness of neural networks for modeling and inverse design of aerodynamic profiles.
Нeterocyclization of some unlimited compounds under the action of eleсtrophilic agents
The review considers the formation of nitrogen-, oxygen- and sulfur-containing heterocycles in the interaction of non-limiting compounds with electrophilic reagents of various nature: halogens, salts of divalent mercury and some others.
The use of by-products of animal husbandry and K-Mg ore processing for potato mini-tubers production a greenhouse
The article discusses the use of by-products of processing K-Mg ores (sludge) and animal husbandry (dry chicken manure) for potato mini-tubers production in greenhouse conditions. The changes in the agrochemical parameters of the substrate (peat), the content of trace elements in potato leaves and the productivity of mini-tubers of the Julia and Grand potato varieties were studied depending on the doses and ratios of by-products. The higher rate of consumption of nutrients from the substrate led to degradation of peat agrochemical parameters for the early variety Julia relatively to the medium-ripened Grand variety on the 45th day after planting. The use of sludge led to increase of water-soluble salts concentration and chloride content in peat by 2.6 g/l and 0.32%, respectively (LSD05=0.6 g/l and 0.12%, respectively). The highest content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, as well as nitrate nitrogen, was obtained by the combined application of sludge and dry manure. The total mass of mini-tubers for the Grand variety was 156.1 g, for the Julia variety 144.5 g (the difference is 11.6 g with LSD05=9.7 g). The average number of mini-tubers formed was 8.6 pieces per Julia variety and 7.1 pieces per Grand variety (LSD05=1.2 pieces). The use of sludge had the greatest impact on the total weight and number of mini-tubers. The content of trace elements in potato leaves had complex patterns of distribution according to experimental variants. Reliable inverse correlations were established between the total mass of mini-tubers and Co content (r=-0.82), as well as between the quantity of mini-tubers and the Mo content (r=-0.72). No negative effect of increased chloride concentration in peat on the productivity of mini-tubers was observed.
Review of approaches to determining the antibacterial activity of new natural and synthetic compounds
The rapidly growing threat of microbial resistance has driven increased interest in the research and development of new antimicrobial agents from various sources. Consequently, increasing attention is being paid to methods for screening and assessing antimicrobial activity. Some testing methods, such as disk diffusion, agar well diffusion, and broth dilution, are well-known and widely used. However, methods for assessing antibiofilm activity and identifying and inhibiting dormant forms have not been widely adopted. Methods such as flow cytometry, fluorescence, and bioluminescence provide rapid results for assessing the activity of antimicrobial compounds and understanding their impact on cell viability and damage, but require specialized equipment and subsequent assessment of the reproducibility and standardization. This article provides an overview of bacterial susceptibility testing methods used to analyze new compounds with antibacterial potential. It presents widely known and laboratory-developed methods for detecting antibacterial activity. These include methods for identifying antagonist strains that produce antimicrobial compounds, quantitative assessment of antibacterial activity, identification of dormant forms of bacteria, inhibition of bacterial adhesion on a solid surface, the effect of antibacterial compounds on the biofilm formation and the destruction of mature biofilms, and studying the mechanism of action, as well as enhancing antimicrobial properties.
Statistical aspects of dayly fluctuations of water quality indicators (on the example of the Kama reservoir)
Water bodies located in zones of active technogenesis are characterized by significant time variability of hydrochemical indicators of water quality. When conducting traditional monitoring of water bodies with water sampling using standard bathometers, the values of monitored water quality indicators are determined, as a rule, with a characteristic time averaging of ~10 seconds. The problem arises, however, as to how do these indicators relate to their average daily values? What should be the minimum averaging period in order to obtain objective average daily values of the considered water quality indicators? The paper considers the application of the analysis of variance to study every-second and five-minute observations of water conductivity and turbidity for two sections of the Kama Reservoir: the Chusovskoy Ples area of Perm and the Berezniki area. It has been demonstrated that water quality monitoring in the Perm area of the Kama Reservoir should be based on the evaluation of integral sampling methods with a time averaging scale of at least 10 minutes. At the same time, with regard to the Kama reservoir near Berezniki, the need for integrated sampling with averaging of at least 1.5 minutes is confirmed
Evaluation of the possibility of exhaustive extraction of mangiferin from the above-ground part of the introduced plant Hedysarum alpinum L. under conditions of microwave activation of the process
The dependence of the yield and purity of mangiferin from the phytomass of the alpine sweetvetch Hedysarum alpinum L. (Fabaceae) introduced in the Botanical Garden of the Institute of Biology of the Komi Scientific Center on the concentration of alcohol in the extractant under conditions of microwave activation of the extraction process has been studied. It has been established that the maximum yield of mangiferin – 1.87-2.0%, is achieved at an alcohol concentration in the extractant of 10-30% or 80%, a radiation power of 800 W in the microwave chamber volume, a total duration of the extraction stages of 9 minutes and a process hydromodule equal to eight.
From the history of evacuation hospital №1712
This article uses the example of evacuation hospital (EH) № 1712, which operated in Molotov (now Perm) in the period 1941-1943, to give the information contained in annual and semi-annual reports on the work of EH during the war. General information is provided on the operation of the hospital, occupied buildings and the timing of deployment in the city. A detailed description of the evacuation hospital’s activities is given, the names and positions of some EH personnel are indicated, information about their work and the work of the hospital as a whole, and some problems that the personnel and the wounded encountered. The work is based on materials from the branch of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (Branch of military medical documents, St. Petersburg), the Perm State Archive of Social and Political History. The sources include semi–annual reports and the final report of EH № 1712, orders and instructions of the People’s Commissariat of Health of the USSR, the People’s Commissar of Defense of the USSR (Medical and Sanitary service) and the Local Evacuation Center № 44 (Molotov). A significant part of the cited sources are introduced into scientific circulation for the first time.
Copyright (c) 2025 Perm Federal Research Centre Journal
Жизнь университетского профессора со стороны кажется академической, размеренной и очень далекой от той жизни, которая проходит рядом. На самом деле все намного сложнее. Серьезный научный результат неотрывно связан с частной жизнью исследователя и через нее с той социальностью, в которой он существует. Это я и пытаюсь показать, рассказывая о некоторых своих этапных работах по динамике сплошных сред и обстоятельствах, их сопровождающих.
Results of the XVI Сongress of Anthropologists and Ethnologists of Russia: Perm, July 2-6, 2025
The article describes the preparation and holding of the XVI Congress of Anthropologists and Ethnologists of Russia on July 2-6, 2025. The Congress became the largest scientific event in the region in 2025. It involved more than 1500 participants selected for the program. The scientific discussion was conducted at 2 plenary, 62 sectional workshops and 7 round tables. The article examines the topics of issues discussed at the scientific forum, the composition of the participants, the history of the Congress and the program for its holding in Perm. The Appendix contains materials from a press conference attended by prominent Russian researchers.
XVI Congress of Anthropologists and Ethnologists of Russia
Linguistic corpus and experimental study of axiological categories in the mentality of Russians and Chinese (based on the corpora of the modern Chinese language)
Values as the foundation of human existence influence our thoughts thus invisibly setting the direction of life. Different cultures reflect values in their own national way. GOOD and EVIL are the main concepts in the category of value, the main standard for judging behavior in general, the main means of national emotional evaluative judgments and important polar concepts that represent value and anti-value, respectively. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the semantic components of the value aspect of the lexemes GOOD / 善 and EVIL / 恶, as well as to model the semantic structures of these lexemes. The material for this study were fragments from the «Dictionary of Russian Mentality» and two national corpora of the Chinese language. The article identifies the value features of the meaning of the lexemes GOOD / 善 and EVIL / 恶: in Russian and Chinese society as aesthetic and ethical categories, i.e. moral principles underlying human behavior. The antithesis GOOD – EVIL in Russian society is explained from the point of view of the philosophical category of the unity of opposites; in Chinese society – from the point of view of the theory of «moral language».
semantic structure of the meaning of the lexeme
Study of the interrelation between abrasive wear resistance of cast polyurethane-type elastomers and their structural and physical-mechanical features
Several series of cast polyurethane and polyurethane-urea elastomers, potentially promising for use in aggressive abrasive environments, have been synthesized. The relationships between the degree of abrasive wear under dry friction conditions and such factors as the chemical structure of the materials under study, their phase state, ambient humidity, and the content of friction modifiers have been studied. An assessment was made of the possibility of predicting the abrasive wear of the materials under study using their physical and mechanical characteristics obtained during stretching. The features of the mechanism of changing the parameters of the spatial network of polyurethane and polyurethane-urea elastomers during abrasive wear were revealed. It was established that the dependence of the degree of abrasive wear of the studied elastomers on the content of hard segments in the polymer chain had the form of a function with an extremum. Studying the effect of the content of friction modifiers on the abrasive wear of the specified elastomers made it possible to determine the optimal level of such additives in known casting compositions used in industry.
History of discovery and application of the quadratic law of resistance in mine aerology
The law of resistance (or the Darcy-Weisbach law) that establishes a quadratic dependence of pressure losses due to friction on the average air flow velocity is the basis of the mathematical apparatus of modern aerology of mining enterprises. Despite the abundance of scientific works devoted to the history of mine ventilation and mining in general, the question of the discoverer and first application of this law in mine ventilation remains unclear. This article presents a brief historical review aimed at clarifying when and by whom the quadratic law of resistance was first introduced into the practice of mine ventilation
On the predictability of magnetic field inversion within a simple dynamic model
A viscous generalization of the Rikitake two-disk dynamo model, known as the simplest dynamic model of random reversals of the geomagnetic field, is considered. A systematic study of the emerging solution modes in the parameter space (the degree of ohmic dissipation and the ratio of the moments of forces rotating the disks) has been carried out under a fixed magnetic Prandtl number Pm=10-6, acceptable for the liquid core of the Earth. It is shown that there is a narrow domain in the parameter space in which the rare-reversal chaos, characterized by very long chrones (time intervals during which the sign of the magnetic field is preserved), within which the solution is quasi-stable, and the field fluctuations are characterized by a small amplitude and an extremely slow growth rate. Some regularity of the evolution of field disturbances within a single chron has been revealed, which makes it possible to predict the time of the next magnetic field reversal.
Главное в ученом – это любопытство! К 75-летию со дня рождения Станислава Юрьевича Хрипченко
Станислав Юрьевич Хрипченко – ученый, чье имя неразрывно связано с пермской прикладной магнитной гидродинамикой. Доктор технических наук, профессор, автор книги «Электровихревые течения в каналах МГД-устройств», автор более сотни научных статей, патентов на устройства, работающих на предприятиях Пермского края и за рубежом. Его вклад в развитие пермской научной школы магнитной гидродинамики, сотрудничество с промышленностью и международными исследовательскими группами невозможно переоценить. Очерк посвящен ключевым этапам профессионального становления ученого, личным воспоминаниям, рассказам о людях и ценностях, которые сформировали уникальный стиль научной работы Станислава Юрьевича. Особое внимание уделено атмосфере, в которой зарождалась и развивалась магнитная гидродинамика в Перми в 1970 – 1980-е годы.
Vladimir Alekseevich Voloshin – the founder of a new direction in feed production (on the 80thanniversary of his birth)
The article describes about the life path and scientific heritage of the well-known Perm agricultural scientist Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Vladimir Alekseevich Voloshin. During 42 years of work at Perm Agricultural Research Institute, from junior researcher to chief scientist, he laid the foundations of a new direction in forage production – the production of biologically active feeds.
Октябрьский Олег Николаевич – 55 лет в науке
To the language of ancient inhabitants of Perm
This review article looks into some aspects of the origin, development and current state of the Komi-Perm language. The paper touches upon the origin of the ethnonym Komi-Perm, shows the sources of penetration of foreign language words into the language under study. The importance of imagery words in labeling sound and associative forms has been determined. The article briefly notes the ways of realizing the representations of space and time by grammatical means of the language: developed case and postpositional systems, grammatical forms of the past tense. The paper presents an attempt to explain how the Komi-Perm language has adapted to the absence of rather ordinary abstract words. Imagery and symbolism actively realized by highly motivated lexemes are demonstrated on the image of a fly (gut), when set expressions and words are perceived by all KomiPerm language speakers clearly semantically without any comments and clarifications. The development of the modern Komi-Perm language is connected with the tendencies of word reduction, further development of the case system, changes in grammatical forms of adverbs and so on.
Universal political scientist: the case of Oleg Borisovich Podvintsev
The article presents the contribution of Professor O.B. Podvintsev to the development of higher political science education and academic political science in Perm. In the complex compound of his interests, two key themes stand out for his comprehension of subnational politics in the modern world, i.e. the theme of post-imperial adaptation and the topic of elections, deep understanding of which was reflected in numerous research papers and original courses for students of the Faculty of History and Political science at Perm University. In connection with the second topic, he revealed himself not only as a theorist and apologist of psephology (the science of elections), but also as a successful political technologist.
History and current state of corpus linguistics in Japan
The rapid development of corpus linguistics in the 1990s fundamentally changed the context of linguistic research, providing European scholars with new opportunities to work with vast amounts of language data. In Japanese linguistics, the fascinating process of creating a national language corpus has faced significant challenges for various reasons. However, in the Russian language linguistic literature, sufficient information on the state of Japanese language corpora is currently conspicuously scarce. This lacuna was partially addressed in an article by I.L. Koretskaya (2022), which attempts to outline the main Japanese language corpora available today. Nevertheless, the history of the development of Japanese corpora and its current state require more thorough description and analysis because of the urgency of solving intralinguistic issues in the Japanese language. This article traces key aspects of the history and development of Japanese language corpora, and highlights some of the difficulties that Japanese linguists have to overcome at different stages of creating a national corpus of the Japanese language.
международный учебный корпус японского языка как иностранного
Formation of regional governments as a problem of multilevel politics
Along with the distribution of powers and resources, as well as mechanisms of interaction between authorities of different levels, the issue of formation of regional governments is an important problem of multilevel policy. From the point of view of the political and administrative “vertical”, each of the two main models – “appointment from above” and “elections from below” – has its advantages and disadvantages. The analysis, based on the databases available to researchers, concludes that over the past 40 years, the ratio of the two models has been shifting in favor of “electability”: while 29% of states used this model in 1991, in 2023 it is already 48%. Obviously, this is due to the “third wave of democratization”, which was largely accompanied by decentralization. After the end of the “third wave”, the increase in the share of “electability” stopped, and in the last decade, the ratio of the two models remained stable. At the same time, more than a third of the world’s states have been practising the model of “appointment” of regional authorities throughout the period under review. The analysis of databases also made it possible to identify their weaknesses and limitations, to outline the main directions for collecting additional systematized information on the ways of formation of regional authorities.
28 мая исполняется 65 лет Сергею Викторовичу Ширшеву – заслуженному деятелю науки Российской Федерации, доктору медицинских наук, профессору, заведующему лабораторией иммунорегуляции Института экологии и генетики микроорганизмов Уральского отделения Российской академии наук – филиала ПФИЦ УрО РАН.
Учитель, научный лидер, хранительница будущего. К 75-летнему юбилею академика РАН Ирины Борисовны Ившиной
К 75-ЛЕТНЕМУ ЮБИЛЕЮ АКАДЕМИКА РАН ИРИНЫ БОРИСОВНЫ ИВШИНОЙ
From Holy Trinity to Strechalun: the origin and functioning of chrononyms in the Komi-Perm language
This article deals with the process of adaptation of the chrononym “Trinity” to the phonetic system of the Komi-Perm language. Various phonetic changes that occurred with the chrononym in the process of borrowing are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to identifying patterns of transformation of the original term in new linguistic conditions and discussing the reasons for these changes. As a result of the study, several variants of the phonetic design of the chrononym “Trinity” reflecting the specificity of interaction between the Russian and Komi-Perm languages are identified.
Andrey Mikhailovich Belavin, archaeologist and master of organization
Andrey Mikhailovich Belavin is a famous Russian archaeologist who left a bright mark in the history of the Perm region both as a scientist and as a talented organizer. He was the founder of the School of Young Archaeologists and the Scientific Society of Students at the Perm City Palace of Pioneers; he created the Kama Archaeological and Ethnographic Expedition at the Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, on the basis of which the Perm scientific archaeological school was formed under his leadership at the beginning of the 21st century; he stood at the origins of the first humanitarian academic institution in the Perm region. He founded a number of periodicals that published the results of the latest research in the field of archeology. The scientific concepts he developed radically changed the ideas about the medieval era in the Perm region. Among these concepts, the most important are the localization in the Perm Cis-Urals of the country and people of Visu and Chulyman, known from written sources, the identification of the Kama trade route as a branch of the Great Volga Route, ideas about the relationship with Volga Bulgaria, trade and craft trading posts and the early urbanization of the Kama region, about the commercial production of copper and alloys based on it, and much more.